... and comparatively rapid solution as they can be excavated with established tunnelling methods. In rock of good quality and with limited requirements of reinforce-ment, horizontal tunnel constructions are usually preferred. In many cases, however, tunnels or large rooms with horizontal axes are less suitable...

... to that of other kinds of construction. Consideration of the subsurface alternatives must take place at an overall and detail planning level and among those actually concerned. It is essential that basic information include sufficient data on geology and that the planners themselves are aware of the advantages...

... begin, arrangements for maintaining a high water table during construction, and monitoring of subsurface water levels and quality during operations. The danger of an accident enabling oil to escape from the top of the shaft must also be prevented, by providing safety valves which operate automatical1y...

... and Sweden installed for crude oil and refined products have been constructed in mined, unlined caverns. This has proved to be the cheapest and safest way. However, the promotion of this technology in other countries has been more complicated than expected. Many obstacles have appeared e.g. less favourable...

... in the decade from 1970 to 1980. This is perhaps the best proof that such guaran- tees can be obtained. The purpose of this paper is to present, in a reasonably simple form, the knoW-how developed in Sweden during many decades of underground construction work, and to show how blasting acti- vities can indeed...

... - l'attention porte surrtoutisur les avantages pratiques et economiques acquis par l'utilisation collective d'un eSI>ace souterrain. La construction des abris destines aux diverses activites en temps de paix entraihe des frais supplement aires de 10 a SO % par rapport aux frais de construction des espaces de ce...

...THE CHICAGOLAND TUNNEL AND RESERVOIR PLAN (TARP) F. E. Dalton Metropolitan Sanitary District of Greater Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA Presented by G. M. Kenny Kenny Construction Company, Wheeling, Illinois, USA ABSTRACT Description of the development of a comprehensive plan called the Tunnel...

... In the Osloregion (Oslo = Capital of Norway) many dual purpose rock installations are under construction. (1980) In peacetime they will be used as sports halls and swimming pools. In the event of war they can easily be converted into very good civil defense shelters. Five such installations...

...TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERGROUND STORAGE FOR DRINKING WATER R.C. Frota, CA Pesce, H. Okawa, L.Redaelli Engevix S.A., Estudos e Projectos de Engenharia, Sao Paulo, Brazil I\BSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present some of the technical and economic...

... such mighty structures as the pyramids could not provide sufficient security and thousand of years ago exchanged overground structures for subterranean construction in which the very artefacts, now in danger of destruction, survi ved to our days. The techniques of subterranean construction has progressed...

...SUBSURFACE LOCATION OF A MAJOR WATER POLLUTION CONTROL PLANT PRESENTL Y UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE OSLO AREA F. Medb and F. L9Set** *Vestfjorden Avlepsselskap, Nesbru, Norway "Norwegian Geotechnical Inst., Oslo Norway ABSTRACT The largest sewage treatment plant in Norway is being constructed...

... level are also studied. The place- ment of stations is analyzed as well as the type of stations, which is selected and adjusted according to the possibilities for the placement of ticket halls, the technical prerequisites for construction, line geometry, and so on. Without a doubt it is this third pre...

... This study addresses the rock mechanics and construction problems inherent in constructing a series of annular tunnels in a geometric array following the inner surface of a toroid at a depth of about 300 metres in dolomitic limestone. Rock behavior under cyclic loading, tunnel support, lining...

... 28 000 kWh/annee, ce qui correspond a 250 kWh/m2 annee. 11 semble possible, par des amelioriations a cette maison encastree, d'arriver a des resultats encore sensiblement plus bas. L'etude a aussi comporte des questions de reglements de construction, de vegetation et de coGts. KEYWORDS Earth-shelter...

... year and a generating power of 656 MW. Fig. 1. View looking downstream from the location of the future dam crest. Altitude 4,200 m. THE PRINCIPAL DESIGN OF THE PROJECT Two earthfill dams for regulation will be constructed at a13itudes of 4,200 m and 4,500 m respectivelywith a volume of the dam bodies...

... Engineering): London Transport Executive, London, UK ABSTRACT The authors give a brief history of the use of underground space in London and give details of the development and construction of the amenities provided for public transport, communications, water supply, sewers and deep level air raid shelters...

... increased its population over 400% in this period. No wonder they are thinking of building an underground transit system. Calcutta's, by the way, is already under construction. Trying to deal with such logistical problems on the sur- face was really quite out of the question. So I don't think there is any...

... storage construction Calculation Method stratified salt formation CAVERN STORAGE OF HYDROCARBONS IN STRATIFIED SALT FORMATIONS N. Lindemann Kavernen Bau- und Betriebs-Gmbii, Rathenaustr. 13/14, D-3000 Hannover 1, Federal Republic of Germany ABSTRACT Storage caverns in salt in sizes up to 1 million m...

... from steel-lined shafts in the supply system to unlined shafts and tunnels. This type of design entails significant economic advantages. The tendency has been to build constantly larger units, and power stations with installed capacity of 1 200 MW are now under construction. A total of about 150 km...

... often offers intrinsic advantages which balar,ce or outweigh the higher cost involved in the construction of new caverns or in the adaptation of existing underground space to new use. Moreover, advsnced methods of subsoil exploration and excavation progressively tend to reduce the cost differential...