... were back analysed. This paper is an attempt to investigate the possible working mechanism using finite element analyses and the significance of bending stiffness of soil nails in an excavation in soft residual soils. Finite element analysis and measured field data indicated that bending moment has...

... around soil particles and their contacts to improve strength and stiffness. The technique offers an innovative approach to the stabilisation of London Underground Ltd ash embankments with several advantages over existing methods including a simple non-intrusive application procedure that could...

... supporting the contention that the reinforcement spread the loads over a wider area. The reinforcement stiffness was found to decrease the vertical pressures to some extent which is not accounted for in the design procedure. 0 5 10 15 20 reinforcement force (kN) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 e l e v ati o n ( m ) 1 m from...

... ABSTRACT: Only a limited number of geotextile-reinforced soil (GRS) structures have been constructed as important permanent structures supporting heavy load, such as bridge abutments and piers, due to their relatively low vertical stiffness. To alleviate this problem, the preloaded...

... ABSTRACT: In this paper an attempt has been made to simplify the complex interface pullout mechanism using nonlinear elastic formulations. Formulations of interface pullout tests are expressed in non-dimensional terms for general applicability. Concepts of relative stiffness and displacement...

... reinforcement Lam Ta Khong rock mass reservoir geomechanics quaternary deposit drainage tunnel construction Upstream Oil & Gas construction deformation soft ground rock mass classification deformation standard support pattern stiffness extensometer Engineering Geology excavation tunnel...

... of cement content and curing time exhibited significant improvement of unconfined compressive strength as well as stiffness of the treated clay. Local strain of the cemented clay was also measured using Hall's effect transducer as a comparison to the conventional method of external strain measurement...

... reinforcement geosynthetic sheet geosynthetic reinforcement sinkhole embankment diameter assumption geometry straight cylinder design method stiffness expansion EXPERIMENT AND DESIGN OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT TO PREVENT LOCALISED SINKHOLES Blivet J.C.1, Khay M.1, Villard P.2 and Gourc J.P.2...

... and Yangquan coal mine administration in Shanxi province. relation hard coal seam top coal coal seam thick coal seam basic mechanics problem displacement immediate roof Efficiency metals & mining coal seam longwall top-coal stiffness Strata Behavior experiment China application...

... at all. After analyses the principle of discrete variable optimization, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to retaining structure. This study selects the whole project cost as an optimized goal, and defines main variables as the length and thickness of a perimeter wall, the stiffness and positions...

... and vertical soil stresses at the boundaries of the trench. The soil box test data are complemented with numerical analysis results. The observations showed that a distinctive soil-pipe system is developed when the initial layers of fill are placed on a very flexible pipe (Ring stiffness - EpI/D3 < 4 KPa...

... approach to the estimation of the deformation modulus of rock masses that contain any number of single joints or joint sets. The data needed for calculation are the elastic parameters of the intact rock, the orientations of the joints and the stiffness of the joints. The deformation modulus of the rock...

... wall eemclay excavation rail transportation calculation prediction underground station construction deformation installation deep underground station geotechnical parameter investigation building pit stiffness Amsterdam soil condition settlement prediction fe model deposit DESIGN...

... to underground structures. This paper describes the interaction between the ground and shotcrete tunnel linings for tunnels driven in materials that deform and are displaced as a result of excavation, such as soft ground and weak rock in shallow civil engineering scenarios. The relative stiffness of shotcrete...

... Characterization principal stress fracture pattern variation situ stress fracture splay magnitude variation main fracture stiffness distinct element method THE EFFECT OF FRACTURE PATTERN ON IN SITU ROCK STRESSES STUDIED BY THE DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD Shengrui Su1 , Ove Stephansson2 and Jianbing Peng3...

... ABSTRACT: The shear behaviour of grouted joints has been studied in the recent past using the conventional direct shear apparatus, where the normal load on the joint plane is kept constant during testing. The Constant Normal Stiffness (CNS) condition is adopted in this study of shear behaviour...

..., poor penetrability in stiff soils and obstructions, limited pipe inclination, complication of wall performance affected by reaction system and difficulties in backfilling the voids after removal of pipes. This paper discusses the design concept, problems associated with the installation methods...

... UDECTM (1999), under plane strain conditions. These rock roofs contain vertical joints of varying frequency of occurrence and material compliance. frequency Reservoir Characterization joint stiffness voussoir beam rock beam joint frequency extreme strain thrust line cross section abutment...

... propagation across fractures (e.g., Schoenberg, 1980; Pyrak-Nolte et al., 1988 and 1990; Myer et al., 1990; Gu et al., 1996). In these studies, the deformational behavior of dry fractures is usually assumed to be linearly elastic and the fracture stiffness is treated as a constant, which is limited to special...

... or L waves). The nature of the incoming waves is dictated by seismological conditions but the geometry, stiffness and damping characteristics of the soil deposit modify this motion; this modified motion is the free field motion at the site of the foundation. Determination of the free field motion...