... steelwork and concrete lining. In the case of the "hard" option, vertical compres- sive strains of 0,3 0,35 were determined in proximity to the reef plane intersection and are thus sub - critical to the above design limit. This limit is only reached in areas 55 m above and 70 m below the reef intersection...

... Characterization stope extraction Upstream Oil & Gas shaft protection backfill shaft metals & mining dislocation intersection excavation reservoir geomechanics steelwork lining closure friction angle pillar reef early shaft reef extraction Magnitude Static and Dynamic Considerations...