... strength steel requirement shotcrete tunnel lining metals & mining shotcrete lining lining soft lining Thickness ductility excavation construction materials deformation stiffness tunnel relative stiffness soft ground tunnel lining tunnel lining design ABSTRACT...

... of geomechanical environments. The techniques have similar aims but have developed into separate disciplines with unique attributes. The procedures for designing and creating ground anchors that meet the stringent requirements associated with modern civil infrastructure are discussed. This contrasts the very...

.... In particular, cement stabilisation will reduce frost susceptibility and may be a particularly appropriate outlet for burnt colliery spoil for use as sub-base. However, an increase in control and testing may be required, having an effect on the cost of using such materials. Conditions under which burnt colliery...

... Administration (SNRA) and the Swedish National Rail Administration in their capacity as civil works contracting authorities. It is intended as a means of support for these Administrations when planning the grouting measures necessary to meet rock sealing requirements and prevent environmentally harmful...

... rock dumps, had to be incorporated from the beginning. The final result will be an impoundment that fully complies with the current standards and requirements for this type of civil work as regards to environmental, economic, and safety requirements. INTRODUCTION The design, construction...

... on-going world-wide research performed within this problem area within the last 20 years, not all has been satisfactorily solved today. Whereas the required functionality, service life or safety for standard engineering structures range within the maximum limits of dozens of years, high-level nuclear waste...

...DEVELOPMENT OF GEOENGINEERING EDUCATION IN INDIA Ravinder K. Khitoliya1 ABSTRACT Growth of technical education (Khitoliya, 1999) mainly depends on the socio-economic and industrial conditions of a country and its development is controlled by the needs and requirements of the economy. In India...

... to analyse the leachate composition and compare it with the Portuguese Water Quality Standards for disposable waters. The physical characterisation results were compared with the requirements of the Portuguese Road Administration for materials to be used in road construction The study shows...

... is presented and compared with the static design. Each piling rig was equipped with computerised monitoring equipment, the output of which was reviewed by the design engineers to ensure compliance with design requirements. The computerised monitoring ensured that a high level of quality control was maintained...

.... There were concerns that the usual bored or barrette foundations would have been difficult and costly to construct to the depths required, attracting greater construction risk. Similarly, verification of capacity would have been more costly and time consuming than for previous foundations of this type...

... the requirement in ROAD 94, which is the general technical construction specification for roads from the Swedish National Road Administrations (SNRA). To fulfil the requirements in ROAD 94, either soil stabilisation or soil replacement can be used. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BEARING CAPACITY OF SUBGRADES According...

.... PRELIMINARY REMARKS Taiwan (Republic of China) is a country on the border of Eastern Asia where the population requires a high degree of mobility. The east coast of Taiwan in contrast can only be reached with difficulty because of the mountainous nature of the island (up to 4000 m high mountain range along...

... ABSTRACT: Rock-mechanics are demanding in specific requirements for modern testing systems. The paper illustrates the essential criteria to qualify for a state-of-the-art compression testing machine for rock-mechanics: a manufacturer explain its answer using a recent example. ROCK-MECHANICS...

... been reported heretofore. This paper describes the development of a long-term stable system for measuring changes of the stress tensor. 2 REQUIREMENTS FOR A MEASURING SYSTEM An instrument suitable for automatically monitoring a mine should fulfill the following requirements: Only elastic changes...

... is located at depth and this requires increased volumes of rocks to be penetrated each year in order to satisfy the world''s demand. All the potential energy resources must therefore be exploited if the energy crunch is to be reduced to an uncomfortable squeeze. Almost all these resources are in hilly...

..., ~vailability of pressure aquifers oth in the very deposit and in great thickness (hundreds of me- ters) of loose overburden as well; Considerable depth of mining exca- Vations (more than 500m). Modern reqUirements of enviromental pro- t~ction predetermine acceptance of ~ ditional measures for earth sur- ace...

.... The calculations required for the derivation of the empirical equations are somewhat lengthy and, in this respect, two ~nteractive computer programs were written to calculate the best fit partial equations and the final empirical equation. Further details of this method and com- Putation of the empirical equations...

... require anchored retaining walls or ancho- red beams. A particularly interesting example of the use of rock anchors is within the hydroelectric scheme, Vianden III, in Luxem- burg, where a large rOCK wedge whicn ha~ a tendency to slide into a 24 meter diameter shaft was stabilize~ (Fig. ~or the anchorage...