... was estimated using the dynamic FEM analysis under undrained condition. Modeling & Simulation abutment back analysis coefficient subgrade reaction FEM analysis embankment maximum stress parametric study dynamic fem analysis design method displacement test construction soft ground...

..., is not devoided of practical interest. 1.2. S/N data of rocks from literature With reference to cyclic fatigue due to compression stresses, the subject of this report, literature data collected for 12 rocks are collectively plotted in the "normalized" S/N graph of fig. 1 (S = maximum stress in the loading...

... is a characteristic AE rate increase as an increasing stress exceeds the previous maximum stress. It is further based on a newly identified AE characteristic which notes that if stress is maintained at a new historic maximum, continuing AE decays exponentially at a rate related to the material''s remaining stable...