... recognized that this is often not the case. Pre-existing fractures can and do have a significant influence on fracture development, and on the associated distributions of increased fluid pressure and stresses in the rock. Given the usual lack of information and/or uncertainties concerning important variables...

... as fluid pressure inside the fracture. This provides fundamental basis for computation of aperture distribution for all parts of the fracture which can then be used in the next step of modeling fluid flow inside the fracture as a function of time. It also allows formulation of change in aperture due...

... (XFEM) for the solution of hydraulic fracture problems. The proposed ele ment includes the desired aspects of the XFEM so as to model crack propagation without explicit remeshing. In addition, the fluid pressure degrees of freedom have been defined on the element to describe the fluid flow within...

... Discontinuity Controlled by Fluid Injection httpdx.doi.org/10.5772/55941 159 ( )n fp Ct l s= - + (2) where pf is the fluid pressure in the NF. The mechanically closed NF can possess a finite hydraulic permeability, which is significantly higher than that of the surrounding rock. To describe the NF permeability...

... g z zb rm= - + -é ùë û (3) where a is hydraulic aperture, is viscosity of the fluid, p A and p B are fluid pressures at nodes A and B , respectively, z A and z B are elevations of nodes A and B , respectively, and w is fluid density. The relative permeability, kr , is a function...

... hydraulic fracturing natural fracture criterion thermal stress fluid pressure strength international journal fracture propagation plastic deformation cohesive element fracture potential impact microfracture Upstream Oil & Gas initiation tensile stress hydraulic fracture...

... with enhancement to account for leak off into the natural fractures will be presented natural fracture complex reservoir pressurized zone hydraulic fracturing flow rate intersection hydraulic fracture fracture permeability fluid pressure fluid flow fissure propagation fracture network...