... geologist asia government coal mining excavation metals & mining reservoir geomechanics reservoir characterization intersection environmental science 833 practice iop publishing iop conf sedimentary rock geology turkey government geological subdiscipline theory shotcrete steel rock...

... system metals & mining upstream oil & gas support design reservoir characterization structural geology rock mass classification system ground condition eurock 2020 rock mass shotcrete excavation ground behaviour model implementation data collection difficult ground condition...

... stability analysis Reservoir Characterization classification cavern natural gas storage empirical method Thickness Downstream Oil & Gas numerical approach discontinuity rock mass tunnel storage cavern support system stress analysis shotcrete software Rock Mech wedge application...

... ABSTRACT: Shotcrete is a construction material used for reinforcement of the roof and walls of underground spans. Receipt, application, and then time-dependently monitoring the performance of shotcrete after spraying on is important to see the quality of the process and need to be studied...

... 2D-FE analysis for the power house cavern were performed and during the main excavation of the cavern 3D finite element calculations have been conducted. The high in-situ stress situation caused shotcrete spalling in the right top heading. Therefore renovation had to be done after understanding...

... water conduits 2 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF SHOTCRETE LININGS 2.1 Motivation After a period of coexistence with former standards like ÖNORM B 4700 and ÖNORM B 4435 up to 2009, the Eurocodes were declared as mandatory in Austria. Unlike for other structures, as buildings or bridges, the Eurocodes do not cover...

... to the horizontal rock stress, the whole complex may behave as one unit with 160 m span. The movements of the rock mass were monitored during the whole excavation period with extensometers. In October 2013, during routine inspections it was found out that numerous cracks have appeared into the shotcrete in the roof...

... solutions (e.g. yielding elements like the Lining Stress Controller (Moritz 1999), the WABE system (Eisenhütte Bochum) or the hiDCon system (Solexperts)) have been developed to mitigate the adverse effect these high deformations are prone to have on the shotcrete lining (Radončić et al. 2009). Maximum...

... with the drill and blast method. The SFR facility has systematic support with rock bolts and shotcrete. The Äspö HRL was constructed with the aim of allowing as much exposure of the rock as possible, so the use of shotcrete is minimized; instead wire mesh is used selectively. The use of standard rock support...

... load transmission investigation construction strength inner lining shotcrete sheet membrane tunnel Simulation outer lining membrane conclusion support material lining support element technical lifetime ?? ABSTRACT: The technical lifetime of underground structures does not only depend...

..., field studies for cross-failure at Izmir Subway Poligon Station, measurements, assessments, excavation and support design, which are suggested to re-excavate T2 tunnel are explained in detail. 1 Introduction In the design of underground openings in soft ground, reinforcement such as shotcrete, rock...

... in the same order. mudstone condition side pile upper face fractured mudstone tunnel displacement tunnel support pattern tunnel mudstone tunnel convergence tunnel excavation installation steel support shotcrete crown settlement enclosure ?? ABSTRACT: The KITANOMINE tunnel (2928 m...

... new emergency bay ground transportation safety passageway shotcrete general renovation tunnel emergency bay Arlberg Road Tunnel construction work construction traffic supply air duct lining excavation work installation ?? ABSTRACT: The Arlberg Road Tunnel with a length of almost 14...

... to withstand these dynamic loading conditions. This paper reviews studies related to ground support schemes with a particular emphasis on dynamic loading testing techniques, including rockbolts, mesh, shotcrete and thin spray-on liners. The majority of research was found to have focused on single support...

... & Gas cavern section sa displacement Deformational Behaviour rock bolt sequence extensometer powerhouse cavern rod extensometer Excavation Sequence numerical model shotcrete rock mass shorter rod excavation phase Rock Engineering and Rock Mechanics: Structures in and on Rock Masses...

... diameter, fully grouted): length; spacing; wire mesh use. Shotcrete: thickness; place of application. Steel sets: need; rib class; spacing; use of lagging and forepoling. These guidelines have been included in almost every book and/or academic web dealing with RMR classi- fication (to mention only one...

... it implies the need of a higher amount of shotcrete to regularize the surface of the opening as well as a longer nozzling task. These facts are analyzed and presented in the form of abacus that enable the estimation of the consequences of a certain over-excavation, being a useful tool for a quick, visual...

... Upstream Oil & Gas correlation reentry time strength peak load resistance panel test accelerator type test result metals & mining cylinder pullout test shotcrete Reservoir Characterization shear strength requirement dosage compressive strength resistance load resistance...

... monitoring system was installed. During the construction phase it was noticed that the closure of the walls was about 8 mm, the maximum rising of the ground surface was about 15 mm, cracks appeared in the shotcrete at the roof arc and leakages appeared due to the rock displacements. 1. Description...

... as their general interaction with shotcrete and deforming ground are seldom discussed. This publication concentrates on a new yielding element type developed at the Institute for Rock Mechanics and Tunnelling, Graz University of Technology. It is based on the venerable Lining Stress Controllers. Their drawbacks...