... normalized displacement boundary condition plastic zone means plastic radius tunnel section rock mass deformation displacement tunnel face excavation normalized plastic radius numerical model Tunnel Stability eurock 2012 Convergence Confinement Method Extending the Convergence...

..., that is to say, ductile rocks. The last approach presents the advantage that the LDP can be obtained starting from tunnel geometry and the normalized plastic radius, according to: Where: And where R is the normalized plastic radius, and X the distance to the face normalized with the 351 tunnel plastic radius...

... the post-failure behavior, and how to carry out the optimum design of bolt pattern according to the ground condition have not been quantitatively illustrated yet in the above mentioned proposals. Wellbore Design rockbolt consideration plastic zone reservoir geomechanics plastic radius grouted...