... production in Germany [5]. Due to the nature of deep reservoirs, lying out of reach for outcrop studies, numerous fault and fracture models are based solely on reservoir data (e.g. borehole data, seismic imaging). These methods give a vast amount of enriching data, but are accompanied by an indefinable...

...-dependent rock structure are often confronted with difficult and dangerous accessibility to the rock outcrops, e.g. in an operational environment of tunneling or on rock cliffs situated a few hundred meters above valley floor. geologist geology upstream oil & gas artificial intelligence cloud...

... is presented in this paper, highlighting their strengths and disadvantages. Introduction Discontinuities are an intrinsic characteristic of rock masses. They appear as traces on rock exposures, such as natural outcrops, tunnel fronts, quarry faces. Natural outcrops can have an infinite variety of shapes...

... by these events, we need to be aware of the following: the scale of the processes (rocky outcropping that occupies large areas on natural slopes), the location of the outcropping outside the railway line, the conditioning access factors due to orography, the budget and time limitations when studying these events...

... by hydraulic fracturing. For some planned projects we conduct the characterization of the carboniferous strata as exposed in "analogous outcrops". The geological setting for fracking is demanding, as the strata comprise strong sandstone, shale and weak coal seams. All necessary petrophysical properties...

... of restitution and tangential coefficients of restitution. The ability of surface topography to impede the movement of a boulder is characterised by the coefficients of restitution (CoR). metals & mining infrastructure outcrop vegetation risk management trajectory Simulation risk assessment...

... geometries, randomly oriented, persistent in a sam- pled domain and same friction angles. In addition, maximum three edges intersect in exactly one point. These are the input data for 2D and 3D visualizations. Intersecting points represent the starting point of fail- ure(s) on outcrop and input data for KDE...

... Abstract In this paper, outcrops of Longmaxi formation of shale in Sichuan, China, the most potential shale formation expected, were collected and prepared for laboratory experiments. Anisotropic mechanical properties were tested, followed by laboratory investigations of hydraulic fracture...

... are widely used in geotechnical engineering practice. This article analyzes the relationship between both classifications using in situ data corresponding to different types of rocks collected from different outcrops in Spain. Currently available correlations between RMR b and GSI have been compiled...

... are constituted by Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks (limestones, marls and sandstones). The classification, divided into qualitative and quantitative parameters and sub-parameters, was applied in 43 outcrops located in the study area. The main parameters are the historical record, lithology, geological structures...

.... 2000). The island grew through the accumulation of explosive and effusive volcanic materials. The outcropping lavas at Madeira Island can be considered as members of an alcaline suite with composition extending to traquites, but with a neat predominance of mafic terms (basanite and alcaline basalts...