... any underground construction, there are many uncertain factors due to complicated geological conditions. In addition, the rock stress will be redistributed after excavation, which leads to rock deformation, thus a Figure 3. Sketch of the excavation layers and top arch concrete lining of the main...

... with the magnitudes of the in situ stresses with respect to the quality of the rock mass. Too low rock stresses would lead to de-stressing in the country rock after excavation, while too high stresses would lead to rock failure due to stress concentration. reservoir geomechanics Rock Deformation rock...

... tunnel failure tunnel excavation reservoir geomechanics Rock Deformation stability excavation Engineering loosening zone capacity rock ring tunnel compression zone compacted zone mechanical parameter Reservoir Characterization rock loosening rockbolt difficult ground deformation...

... the rock deformation modulus decrease near the opening surface being the ~esult of blasting operations for iunnel linings design is shown innVestigation Rukin, Ruppeneit (1968) and Backlashov, Kartosia i1977). The rock deformation modu- Us dependence on the Z distance ~o the opening centre is described y...

... mass mine-induced earthquake structural geology Rock Deformation lovozero massif mining operation Seismicity Manifestation deformation mine-induced seismicity manifestation rock burst Upstream Oil & Gas kozyrev large-scale mining operation geodynamic behaviour massif Eurock '93...