... of the lining was limited within the range of this variation in the diluvial deposit layer and temperature change in the tunnel should be considered when the durability of tunnel is discussed. 1. Introduction Many shield tunnels have been constructed, in urban and mountainous areas, which should...

... of temperature changes and AE activity, results showed coal fracture generation and extension in the gasifier. Results also showed that many AE events occurred during coal combustion. The AE activity was related closely to the temperature change occurring inside the coal. This AE generation apparently results...