...Monitoring of Ground Freezing Process by Optic Fiber Sensor S. Akutagawaa* and Y. Tanakaa a Kobe University, Kobe, Japan * [email protected] Abstract A new optic fiber sensor that enables identification of water presence and its phase change from liquid to solid (namely, from water to ice) at its...

... and phase change for rock mass at low temperature. The influences of fluid transfer on the heat conduction and the temperature gradient on the seepage is considered in the model. The involved parameters are determined by the related equations are given. Then on the background of large scale rock engineering...