... Release of the in situ state of stress is often the most relevant action during the excavation of underground structures in rock masses, such as powerhouse caverns for hydroelectric schemes, which are often excavated at great depth and have large dimensions. Design of the supports, namely...

... cavern hydropower station excavation cavern Wudongde hydropower station Upstream Oil & Gas southwest china mechanism monitoring Reservoir Characterization stability analysis main powerhouse underground cavern China powerhouse rock mass evolution microseismicity deformation...

...-level excavation and mining due to the gradual exhaustion of shallow mineral resources and recent discoveries of deep mineral resources. Most South Africa gold mines have reached depths of more than 2000m, and the mining depth at Mponeng almost 4350m (Kwiatek, Plenkers, and Dresen, 2011); the Creighton...

... Tunnel design and excavation are complex problems that require in-depth studies and a lot of data. Since the second half of the 20th century, scholars have developed new methods in order to better understand the behaviour of the rock mass and provide appropriate construction solutions...

...-dependent closure limit equilibrium model time-dependent behaviour Napier excavation viscoelastic model closure data Reassessing continuous stope closure data using a limit equilibrium displacement discontinuity model D.F. Malan and J.A.L. Napier Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty...

... excavation. Empirical rock mass classification schemes have been widely and successfully used to quantify the risks attached to a shaft prior to excavation. However, the risk of raisebored excavation failures due to unforeseen ground conditions is still a concern, hence the need for improved stability...

... Reliable location of microseismic events is an important objective for routine mine seismic monitoring. Reflections from the underground excavations result in complex recorded seismograms, and typically only the direct P- and S-wave arrivals are used to locate the source. We have developed...

... The orientations of discontinuity sets and major geological structures greatly influence the stability of an excavation. Excavations should therefore, where possible, be orientated such that major discontinuity sets and structures are considered, allowing the likelihood of rockfalls...

... Large-scale underground excavations usually pose a threat to the stability of the rock mass, and the damage is required to be modelled in order to plan the excavation schedule and support design. Various methods, such as displacement measurement, acoustic wave testing, and numerical calculation...

... suggested that the project would indeed be a viable way to increase the total potential revenue. This necessitated a study on the stability of the underground excavations during the pillar extraction process based on a conceptual design. The proposed mining layout and extraction sequence was simulated...

... The paper discusses an essentially iterative design and construction process for a rock shaft excavation undertaken to provide a pump chamber sited on the fringes of one of South Africa's primary water storage reservoirs, Vaal Dam, to service a major inter-basin water transfer project...

... is reviewed using results of two distinct approaches: homogeneous continuum as well as wedge stability. The particularities regarding the required reinforcement for caverns operated at atmospheric pressure are also investigated. INTRODUCTION Underground rock caverns excavated for the storage of crude oil...