... channel penetration depth gas pipeline anchor risk and uncertainty assessment longgu channel natural frequency risk management offshore pipeline impact energy submarine pipeline ship probability risk assessment midstream oil & gas frequency aground ocean engineering cnpc research...

... factor penetration load-penetration response cavity flow mechanism deep cavity flow mechanism penetration depth Continuous Pipe Penetration in Clay K K Tho, C F Leung, Y K Chow and A C Palmer Center for Offshore Research and Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering National...

..., by a factor of safety, than the maximum expected working load of the leg under extreme conditions. Given the considerable amount of preloading pressure required, typically in excess of 300 kPa, the penetration depths of spudcans may vary from several meters for cases with stiff granular seabed to as much...