... responses are presented. The phenomena and results are similar to the field observations, and some features different from those of ice-induced vibrations of column structures were obtained. INTRODUCTION Ice-breaking cones, as an effective method to reduce ice force, have been designed and added to legs...

... conditions in this area in general is considerable more severe than in the Bohai Bay. The main emphasis of this paper lies on the use of jackets and jack-ups in areas with ice, with particular emphasis on the ice loading and the introduction of a cone in the waterline area to limit the ice loads and also...