.... Whilst EIA focuses largely on the localised impacts of an operation, life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to look at the broader impact from cradle to grave across the supply chain (McLellan, 2014a). LCA has been more and more widely used as a tool in the assessment of environmental benefits and impacts...

... to anchoring of the machine. A remotely operable in-situ soil tester has been developed for 6000m operations with a cone tester and a shear vane tester and tested for operations. This paper describes the methodology used for soil property measurements and equipment's performance at 5462 m water depth...

... on cohesive soft soil. When operating a pilot miner, one needs to maintain traffic-ability at low traction speed for manoeuver operation as well as operates the vehicle straight in order to increase collecting efficiency by keeping high traction speed. Thus, if a pilot miner is designed in one property...

... options of survey method were chosen for the AUV survey. One option is mapping by MBES, keeping 80 m altitude above the seafloor for obtaining detailed micro-topography with 1 m couture line. The other option was chosen for taking seafloor photograph along specific survey track. AUV operation...

... pipe omco environmental guideline mining system deflection ocean mining system upstream oil & gas mining system development metals & mining operation Third-Generation Commercial Mining System Development for Manganese Nodules: Direct-to- vs. Incremental-to-5,000-m Approach Jin S...

... and a functional study. KEY WORDS: polymetallic nodules; deep; ocean; mining; ship; design; INTRODUCTION Up so far, mining ships for polymetallic nodules extraction in commercial scale have neither been in operation nor even their design was seriously analysed. Any comparison between an initial analysis...

... positive displacement pump. The polymetallic nodule mining system has been proposed to be developed in four phases. The flexible riser concept was tested during 1998–2000 (Deepak et al, 2001). Demonstration of the concept for long term operations required dynamic positioning in the mother ship Sagar Kanya...

... collector module, Riser module (flexible hose) and Control module. The data generated form trials at shallower depths is being used for preliminary design for nodule mining system suitable for operations in CIB. An Emerging Concept of a deep seabed mining system is discussed in this paper. The land...

... frequency polymetallic nodule resolution reservoir characterization india seafloor nodule mining dredge bathymetry deposit nodule sediment vertical resolution nodule concentration dredge primary frequency recovery thickness operation abundance transparent layer ABSTRACT...

...) wide in the bottom of the ship hull, this could be opened and closed in mid-ocean. A large, remotely controlled, self-propelled ocean-floor miner with a 5,000-m-long steel pipe system---OD 15-in (38-cm); ID 7.5- in (19-cm)---deployed and retrieved through the moon pool's open door for operation...

... Development and Testing of Remotely Operated Artificial Nodule Laying System at 500-m water depth Amudha K, Rajesh S, Ramesh N R, Muthukrishna Babu, Raju Abraham, Deepak.C R, Atmanand M.A National Institute of Ocean Technology Chennai, India ABSTRACT The Indian Pioneer Area having resources...

... and transportation. Current research efforts globally have realized the importance of manganese recovery, although, these have scarcely been directed towards flow sheet development and subsequent testing for commercial viability. artificial intelligence operation process optimization sea nodule manganese...

... ABSTRACT: An underwater mining system using flexible riser concept was demonstrated for operations in the Indian seas at 410 metres water depth in 2000 for short duration. Based on the tests, enhancements were done on the mining system for long term operations in areas pertaining...

... with commercial chicken production. The analysis also suggests that renewable energy sources should be employed to operate the system in order to realize sustainable artificial upwelling. KEY WORDS: Ecological footprint, biocapacity, ocean nutrient enhancer, artificial upwelling, deep ocean water. INTRODUCTION...

... ABSTRACT: For poly-metallic nodule mining in water depths up to 6000 m, a current concept of mining is based on tracked vehicles comparable to land operated caterpillars. Therefore the knowledge and understanding of the interaction between the dynamic behaviour of the mining machine...

... in the middle of the ocean. It deploys and retrieves a large, remotely controlled, self-propelled seafloor miner with 6,000-m long-pipe system through the moon pool for operation on the 6,000-m-deep seafloor. Its pipe handling and deployment are automated. What was done in the '70s? The U.S.-based international...

... routes and deep-tow camera operations to be devised. Fig.1. RV FRANKLIN operated by Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Dredging A Lister-type chain-bag dredge (Fig 4), equipped with fishnet liner and four small pipe-traps to collect sediment samples, was used on board RV...

... operation since July 2003. INTRODUCTION The upwelling of Deep Ocean Water (DOW) which has a very dense nutrient salt such as Nitrogen, Phosphorus, etc. can make the sea very rich fishing ground, because the lack of the nutrient salt in the euphotic surface layer of the sea where the photosynthesis can...

..., biological and geological conditions under which the mining system will have to operate, as well as potential impacts. However, owing to the uncertainty in design of the mining system and the difference in scale between commercial mining and test mining and its experiments, many of the results cannot...

... mining systems (Herrouin et aI., 1989; Inokuma, 1995; Yang and Wang, 1997; Muthunayagam and Das, 1999). ofsediment particle metals & mining sediment discharge particle assembly operation manganese nodule yamazaki transportation circulation hydraulic transportation symp particle...