... Abstract Seafloor photographs of polymetallic nodule taken by deep-sea camera are used for the estimation of the abundance. Typically, empirical equations are used to calculate abundances. However, to date, shape of the size distribution, for example, the symmetry or skewness to characterize...

... Abstract Polymetallic nodule contains considerable amount of valuable metals, such as nickel cobalt and copper etc., it, therefore, can be future important metal supply. The survey of polymetallic nodule covering wide area of CCZ (Clarion Clipperton Zone) was conducted from the 1980s...

... ABSTRACT Ferromaganese encrustations of hydrogeneous types have been known together with manganese nodule for their Ni-Cu metal content. However, ferromanganese crust formed on ancient volcanoes and have a chemistry quite different than those associated with nodules. They have a high level...

... ABSTRACT Leaching of total rare earth metals from the sea nodule was carried out using H 2 SO 4 solution. Existence of phase of rare earth metals in the sea nodule was confirmed while leaching with different reagents. Concentration of H 2 SO 4 and temperature are found to be critical factors...

... in transparent pipe of inner diameter D = 150 mm. Velocities of individual particles of different diameters were measured by radiometric method during vertical mixture flow. Goal of investigation was determining of slip velocities for the artificial nodules of mean diameter d 30 mm during the heterogeneous...

...Exploration of Polymetallic Nodule Using AUV in the Central Equatorial Pacific Masatsugu Okazaki and Akira Tsune Deep Ocean Resources Development Company Ltd. Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT An AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) was used for the first time for exploration of polymetallic nodule in Japanese...

... Performance Tests of a Manganese Nodule Crusher Cheon-Hong Min, Sup Hong, Hyung-Woo Kim, Chang-Ho Lee, Min-Uk Lee, Jong-Su Choi, Tae-Kyeong Yeu and Ki-Young Sung Ocean System Engineering Research Division, Maritime and Ocean Engineering Research Institute, KIOST Daejeon, Korea ABSTRACT Performance...

... consisting of a mining machine moving on the sea bed collecting polymetallic nodules, crushing and pumping the crushed nodules through a flexible riser to the mother ship by a slurry pump has been developed. The slurry pump is a single stage positive displacement type driven by an independent hydraulic...

... ABSTRACT The use of hydraulic transport during the extraction of nodules from the seabed will need constant monitoring of speed and concentration of solid grains in a vertical pipeline. In that case the most important is the measurement in the begin part of the pipeline exposed to high...

... ABSTRACT During pyro-reduction smelting of manganese deep sea nodules from the Clairon Clipperton zone in the Pacific Ocean the copper, nickel and cobalt are concentrated in intermediate product - polymetallic alloy. Characteristic property of the alloy is its high content of iron (65.90...

... ABSTRACT This paper assesses two different approaches in developing deep ocean mining systems and technology: Incremental and direct to reach the 5,000-m ocean floor for manganese nodule and crust mining or production. The paper reviews rather the slow technological developments made among...

...Preliminary Design Considerations for a Ship to Mine Polymetallic Nodules in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone Tomasz Abramowski The Interoceanmetal Joint Organization Szczecin, Poland Tomasz Cepowski The Maritime Academy of Szczecin Szczecin, Poland ABSTRACT In this paper we present some initial...

... ABSTRACT Deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules is expected to cause directly and indirectly disturbance of the abyssal benthic ecosystem. Acquisition of baselines data of each mining area is essential for evaluation of the environmental impacts as well as for development of site-specific...

... ABSTRACT Although not yet commercially practiced, deep-sea mining is under development for metalliferous sediments, massive sulphides and polymetallic nodules. Ore extraction is to be achieved by sediment suction, rock cutting and nodule collection, and transport from the seafloor...

... ABSTRACT: The present paper describes the experimental investigation of model coarse-grained slurry on a re-circulation pipe loop with smooth stainless steel pipes. Graded pebble gravel and glass balls were used as a model for poly-metallic nodules, and very fine glass beads as a model...

... ABSTRACT: International Joint Organization (IOM) is an international consortium, set up in April 1987, to survey and explore polymetallic nodule deposits in the area allotted by the International Seabed Authority. In 2001 IOM signed a contract with the International Seabed Authority...

... combination process to treat manganese nodules. In smelting process, there is no restrictions on the compositions and properties of the feed ore or materials compared to full hydrometallurgical one. This work explained the treatment of the spent Ni-Cd battery and the spent catalyst in reduction smelting...

... Nodules and Crust Economics: Relationship Between Cobalt and Nickel Price Simone Martino, Lindsay M. Parson Department of Geology and Geophysics, UNCLOS Group, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK ABSTRACT This paper compares the economic feasibility of two deep seabed mining deposits...

... ABSTRACT: In May 2010 the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) accomplished its third exploration cruise to the German license area in the Pacific Nodule Belt. High resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter mapping of the two subareas of the license area...

... Development of Methods and Equipment for the Exploration of Manganese Nodules in the German License Area in the Central Equatorial Pacific Thomas Kuhn, Carsten Rühlemann, and Michael Wiedicke-Hombach Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) Hannover, Germany ABSTRACT...