... Abstract In order to explore the change of biogenic Ba content in Pacific Ferromanganese crusts and their relationship with paleoproductivity fluctuations, a thick crust CHA99 from the Magellan Seamounts (MST) has been approached in detail. Studies show the variations of Babio (Ba/Al) , AR...

... ABSTRACT Ferromaganese encrustations of hydrogeneous types have been known together with manganese nodule for their Ni-Cu metal content. However, ferromanganese crust formed on ancient volcanoes and have a chemistry quite different than those associated with nodules. They have a high level...

... ABSTRACT In order to explore the geochemical characteristics of Mo element in Cobalt-rich crusts and their relationship with paleoceanographic environment variation, 56 crust samples and a thick crust from 7 seamounts in the Magellan Seamounts (MST) have been approached in detail. Studies show...

... Nodules and Crust Economics: Relationship Between Cobalt and Nickel Price Simone Martino, Lindsay M. Parson Department of Geology and Geophysics, UNCLOS Group, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, UK ABSTRACT This paper compares the economic feasibility of two deep seabed mining deposits...

... of Gondwana Land. It has also migrated through mid oceanic ridges, plate boundaries and rift and horst structures and deposited in sediments of ocean floors. INTRODUCTION Gas hydrates, petroleum and natural gas are used as important fuel. They respectively exist in the Earth's crust in the form of solid...

... ABSTRACT: Most of hydrocarbon fields in oceanic and thin suboceanic crust are located near deep faults. Generation of methane under serpentinization of upper mantle's rocks and its next upwards migration into sedimentary cover due to hydrothermal activity along the deep faults could...

... prospective are (1) the volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) which are considered to form through hydrothermal emanations from the axial rift of the Andaman Sea, and (2) the cobalt rich ferromanganese crust which are formed at the flanks of the older sea mounts in the water depth of 500 to 2000 m range...

... ABSTRACT: The importance of cobalt-rich manganese crusts on the Pacific seamounts for future rare metal and rare earth element resources has currently been recognized. The thin layer-type deposit characteristics affect recovery efficiency of the deposit, degradation of the mined ore...

... SUMMARY: A brief observation of the developments in mining systems and technology in the past 2 to 4 years is presented. Discussions on the development of other deep-ocean resources that are somewhat similar to nodule production also include gas hydrates, Cobalt-rich manganese crusts...

... ABSTRACT: Fractal theory is used to study the granularity distribution law of the broken cobalt-rich crust collected by spiral cutting. The result shows that its granularity distribution has a very good fractal structure and can be quantitatively described with fractal dimension. Through...

... ABSTRACT: Experiments show that the compressive strength characteristic of cobalt crust and substrate is random and their frequency distribution exhibits positive skew characteristics. Utilizing the theory zof compressive strength of rocks, the P(III) curve is proposed to be used as a density...

... analyses of Japan's nodule, crust, and Kuroko-type SMS mining using updated economic parameters in 2004 are presented. Possibility of copper shortage is introduced. The role of deep-sea mineral resources for the problem is discussed. INTRODUCTION Manganese nodules on deep ocean floor and cobalt-rich...

... ABSTRACT: Deep ocean cobalt crust is about 5cm thick and as hard as coal. For mining the crust, a drum cutter similar to that for mining coal was conceived. A cutting model was proposed to describe the cutting process of a single tooth, the forces on the tooth were analyzed and the cutting...

... ABSTRACT: The abundance of the ferromanganese crusts is basically controlled by the total time lapsed for growth of the crusts and sediment accumulation. Small-scale variation in microtopography and occurrence of hydrogenetic crusts were found in some seamounts with sea-bed photography...

... Effect of Phosphatization on Element Concentration of Cobalt-Rich Ferromanganese Crusts Jiahua Pan*, E.H.De Carlo and Shuqin Liu * Institute of mineral resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences* Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, U.S.A ** ABSTRACT The effect...

... ABSTRACT: A study of accessory minerals in hydrogenous ferromanganese crusts has been carried out to determine the mineral phases of those elements that are of particular interest in crusts such as Cо, Ni, Cu, REE, PGE, Te, W, Mo, Sb, As, Au and Ag. A sample of basalt from the Mid- Pacific...

... ABSTRACT: The ferromanganese crusts in the central Pacific seamounts have been believed as most abundant and enriched in cobalt according to the earlier studies by the USGS, KORDI, MMAJ and GSJ since 1980's. We investigated the ferromanganese crust areas using a TV camera-monitored drill...

... on hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts collected from wide variety of marine geological environments from deep-sea basins to topographic highs of the area. The patterns of regional- to small-scale variability of the deposits are basically controlled by geological/topographic settings. The age determination...

... nautical miles off shore. The promise offered by the oceanic gas hydrate deposits is emphasized as well. workshop exploitation raw material nodule hydrate sulphide deposit jamaica exploration crust deposit kingston mineral resource upstream oil & gas basin international seabed area...

... in .the hitherto unexplored areas, to build up the reserves for the future. Simultaneously, activities in the deep sea areas for polymetallic nodules, crusts and sulfides need acceleration owing to their potential for strategic metals, such as cobalt, nickel, lead and zinc. These efforts call for cooperation...