Review on the close spatial and temporal association of carbonatites and hydrocarbon deposits in the Eastern Hemisphere, reveals that the occurrence of carbonatite could be considered an indicator for exploration of hydrocarbon / gas hydrate deposits. The carbonatite magmas / lavas generated in the mantle horizons of the Eastern Hemisphere released huge quantities of volatiles from depth and produced hydrocarbons at near surface conditions within 200 km radius around their volcanic conduits tapping from depth through deep faults. The lightweight hydrocarbon tends to migrate through porous rocks such as sandstone, carbonate rocks and fractured basement crystalline rocks and gets trapped in reservoir rocks such as shale and impervious rocks occurring in Alpine-Himalayan regions extending towards Indonesian arc during northward movement of Indian sub-continent after the break of Gondwana Land. It has also migrated through mid oceanic ridges, plate boundaries and rift and horst structures and deposited in sediments of ocean floors.
Gas hydrates, petroleum and natural gas are used as important fuel. They respectively exist in the Earth's crust in the form of solid, liquid or gas. They are essentially composed of methane (CH4) and other lightweight hydrocarbons. Their origin is till now a long debate. Most hydrocarbon deposits are restricted to sedimentary basins and hence petroleum is considered to be as a fossil fuel. However, abiogenic origin for petroleum is proposed as early in the 19th Century by many Russian Scientists, but it was not accepted by contemporary petroleum geologists since there is no such deposit of commercial production at that time. But recent discoveries by deep drilling and seismic probing of sedimentary basins, it is known that most petroleum deposits are associated with deep faults (Paropkari, 2008) and some reservoirs are formed in crystalline basement rocks (Petford and Mc Caffrey, 2001).
