... midstream oil & gas collapse pressure faceted pipeline conventional pipeline engineering pipeline faceted pipe triangular facet fe model titanium sample offshore pipeline albermani external pressure hyperbaric chamber coupon sample pipeline sample upstream oil & gas pipe...

...), and is briefly reviewed here for completeness. The conventional view of a buckled cylinder is that it is a "failed" structure where the circular form is transformed into a polyhedral surface consisting of flat triangular facets (Figure 1 a). If initially fabricated in this tessellated state, however...