... of achieving fine microstructural domains, a result that is related to the temperatures at which the phase transformations occur: a proper design of the chemical analysis is then necessary to keep low the transformation temperatures. Low cooling rates are representative of the mid thickness cooling rate...

... simulation model of y-groove cracking test was varied to decrease restraint intensity. As a result, the local stress σ local increased with decreasing martensitic transformation temperature under low restraint condition. This means that the low transformation temperature welding wire do not necessarily...

... were carried out and the formation of MA-constituent was observed by optical microscope after etching the surface of specimens using LePera's reagent 7~. Furthermore, the austenite to ferrite transformation temperatures of steels A to C were measured by dilatometer using cylindrical specimens of 3mm...