.... upstream oil & gas flexible riser tensile armor layer experimental data metals & mining axial compression load equation riser compression load armor wire displacement offshore mechanics flexible pipe modeling & simulation armor layer external pressure stiffness arctic...

..., and fatigue failure. Among the many layers, tensile armor layers mainly contribute to the structural integrity of a flexible riser. Multiple tendons are helically wound on the internal layers, providing sufficient bending flexibility with high tensile strength, thus the riser can be easily utilized in various...

... Abstract Stress and fatigue analysis of a flexible riser is often focused on the metallic layers particularly tensile armor layers. Anti-wear tapes with its main purpose of preventing wearing of the metallic layers are often omitted. Instead of modelling these tape layers in local cross...