... out for relevant details of some typical oil tankers and bulk carriers. Different hot spot locations and different stress read out positions (membrane stress or surface stress) may result in different stress magnification factors. Some key issues are discussed, including the rationalities of stress...

... shell model (b) Hybrid model Figure 2: Comparison of surface stress distributions of fine shell model and hybrid model of an out-of-plane gusset welded joint. (a) Shell model or hybrid model. (b) Solid model. Figure 3: Changes in the girth length of the interface between main and gusset plates under...

... model is employed, modeling of welds is easily possible and the stress field in the vicinity of the weld can be investigated with a high degree of precision. Validities of shell FE-based techniques can be examined by comparing shell stress and solid stress. local stress surface stress cruciform...

... The surface stresses in the vicinity of the weld of a hopper corner joint model and a perpendicular joint model calculated by t x t shell models are compared with those calculated by fine solid models. Based on the results, selection method of a point to represent the weld toe in HSS evaluation...

... be determined through the block s cross-section. As can be seen in the figure, the laser peening is able to put in a surface stress that is near the 290 MPa yield stress of the material and a very impressive depth of stress that crosses from compressive to tensile in the sample at approximately 4 mm depth...

... plates. The welding process causes residual stresses in the component. Most techniques for the evaluation of residual stress (e.g. hole-drilling, x-ray diffraction) can only determine near surface stresses. While determination of surface stresses is satisfactory for most cases in fatigue analysis...

.... It is for this reason that large-scale laboratory experiments are often needed to validate the method and improve its accuracy. surface stress equation prediction stress ratio concentration factor stress intensity factor hydraulic fracturing geometry crack growth surface crack parametric equation...