... et al., 1996; Inoue et al., 1986a, 1986b; Raghunathan et al., 1987). According to these results, the Wells turbine has inherent disadvantages: lower efficiency, poorer starting and higher noise level in comparison with conventional turbines (Kim et al., 2001; Takao et al., 2002). In order to enhance...

... valves is complicated and difficult to maintain. turbine characteristic blade profile hysteresis characteristic sustainability ocean energy coefficient renewable energy rotor geometry conversion well turbine raghunathan sustainable development flow condition sweep ratio efficiency...

... digit series blades with profile thickness of 12, 15, 18 and 21 percent of the chordlength, e.g.; Raghunathan et. al. (1989), Gato et. al. (1991), Raghunathan (1995) and Watterson and Raghunathan (1996). In order to improve the operating range of the Wells Turbine at large flow rates, Gato and Henriques...

... the divergence speed. However, the use of the computational method is advocated for design of Wells turbine blades as these tend to produce more lift than would be expected from single aerofoil data. finite element model raghunathan frequency turbine blade divergence speed well turbine blade...

... turbine has come up as an important problem. So far, a number of self-rectifying air turbines with different configurations have been proposed, including the Wells turbine (Gato et al., 1988; Inoue et al., 1986a, 1986b; Kaneko et al., 1986; Raghunathan et al., 1987, 1994; Raghunathan, 1995; Setoguchi et...

... to regulate the angle of attack onto the blades (Raghunathan and Beattie, 1996; Justino and Falcao, 1998; Proceedings, 1995). Lighter blades would decrease the inertia and better facilitate speedy and accurate dynamic response. Such multidisciplinary concerns will be investigated as the structuralaerodynamic...

...; Raghunathan et aI., 1987; Raghunathan, 1995; Suzuki et aI., 1985; White, 1995), turbine using pitch-controlled blades (Raghunathan et aI.,1997; Sarmento et aI.,1987; Takao et al.,1997), impulse turbine with self-pitch- controlled guide vanes (Setoguchi et al.,1993) and so on (Kaneko et al.,1992). Among them...

... it can be produce a unidirectional time averaged torque from a reciprocating flow. Several versions of the turbine have been considered and studied with and without guide vanes; e.g. the monoplane, the biplane, the contra-rotating and the variable pitch Wells turbines (Raghunathan et al., 1981; 1983...

... operational in 1992 after a period of hydro-pneumatic performance monitoring. Small scale testing and computational modelling of the Wells turbine (Gato and Curran, 1995; Gato et al, 1993; Raghunathan, 1993; Inoue et ai, 1986;) has progressed since the Wells turbine was invented. However, in this paper...

... of a rotor with untwisted aerofoil blades of symmetrical cross section, set radially at a 90 degree angle of stagger (Raghunathan and Tan, 1983a; Gato and Falciio, 1984). Wells turbine models have been studied with and without guide vanes while one medium scale turbine is operational in Europe at the Islay...

... the hydraulic energy of an oscillating wave motion is converted into an oscillating air motion. Energy from this bi-directional air flow is converted into mechanical energy of rotation by a Wells turbine (Gato et al 1984,1990,1993. Inoue et al.. 1986, 1987. Raghunathan et al 1981.1984,1986.1987,1989.1993.1994...

..., 1984) or from aerofoil data and some typical Wells turbine data (Raghunathan et al., 1990). More practically, many experimental studies have been made in Japan to apply a Wells turbine to a prototype wave power plant. Especially, a research group at Saga University led by Kaneko reported a variety...

...., 1986a, Kaneko, et aI., 1991, Raghunathan, et, aI., 1983, 1987,1990) (without guide vanes) can be used. The latter is simple and more economical. It is reported I in reference (Raghunathan, et al.,1983) that a biplane can accomodate twice the pressure drop of a monoplane turbine with a small sacrifice...

... in both the starting and running characteristics (Inoue, etl aI., 1985, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d,1988, 1988, Kaneko, et aI., 1986, 1987, Raghunathan, et aI., 1982, 19~7a, 1987d, 1987c, 1989b, 1989c, Setoguchi, et aI., 1986). According to these results, the Wells turbine has inherent disadvantages lower...

... by a Wells turbine (invented by A.A. Wells, 1976). This turbine rotates in a single direction in an oscillating airflow and therefore does not require a system of non return valves (Raghunathan et al, 1981, White, 1981, Grant et a 1 1981). This paper reviews some of the theoretical and experimental studies...

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