... (Melville, 1996). In terms of large-scale sailing ships and other marine engineering structures, breaking waves influence the resistance, propulsion, and sea-keeping performance greatly by changing the characteristics of the surrounding flow field. Among the complex wave breaking processes, studying...

... and multiply scales, from a large wave to many micro-scaling air bubbles and spray. Therefore, it is still a challenge in both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations. There are some important and excellent reviews on wave breaking (Peregrine, 1983; Banner and Peregrine, 1993; Melville, 1996; Kiger...

... are still revealing important information about the sea surface dynamics (e.g. Melville and Matusov, 2002; Campbell et al., --- Rascle et al., 2014). The breaking of surface gravity waves is the main source of wave energy dissipation. It also plays an important role in air-sea interactions and contributes...

... scour scour hole drilling fluid selection and formulation drilling fluid property experiment melville scour depth drilling fluids and materials bingham model upstream oil & gas scour problem three-dimensional simulation drilling fluid formulation traditional bingham model concentration...

... (1983), Chiew and Melville (1987), Melville and Sutherland (1988), Breusers and Raudkivi (1991), Hoffmans and Verheij (1997), Ettema et al. (1998), Melville and Chiew(1999) and Whitehouse (1998). Many empirical formulas have been proposed to predict the depth, extent and rate of scour. Meanwhile, quite...

... waveform inversion horizontal plateau melville plateau isw helfrich lower layer amplitude propagation internal hydraulic jump shelf-slope topography upstream oil & gas laboratory experiment Vortex Formation and Waveform Inversion of an Internal Solitary Wave Propagating over a Shelf...

... were in excess of the 1000 pounds per square foot (48 kilopascals). comet experiment wave steepness impact force guideline submergence incoming wave wave height wave impact load guideline wavelength investigation chan kilopascal melville plate angle flat plate cylinder...