... particle material in the vertical pipe. Xia et al. (1997) founded a calculating model to predict and optimize the hydraulic lifting parameters of a manganese nodule mining system. production monitoring hydraulic fracturing production control artificial intelligence concentration reservoir...

... to the seafloor along z direction. diffusion of mixture is recorded within 20s after launching of devices. INTRODUCTION Interest in deep sea mining is not new (Wedding et al., 2015). Since early 1970s, the potential of abyssal manganese nodule has raised considerable public attention (Erik et al., 2019...

.... In the 1970s, large-scale mining tests for polymetallic nodules (manganese nodules) were conducted by some international consortiums in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (CCZ) of the northeastern Pacific Ocean, beyond the national jurisdiction. Manganese nodules are distributed in the form of semi-submerged...

... ABSTRACT Experiments have been performed to study the differences of the flow characteristics between real and artificial manganese nodules-water mixture and synthetic nodules-water. The results show that the hydraulic gradients of the mixtures were almost identical in the case of both...

... mining project, by which manganese nodules are conveyed from the seafloor to the mining ship (Yoon et al., 2001; Chung, 2003). Most of the system is located wider the sea level, which demands its stability and durability more than anything else because of the difficulty in repairing. Also, economical...

... characteristics in pipes. The present study will be used as a basis for the mining test in the sea near Korea and finally for the design of the deep-sea mining system. INTRODUCTION Hydraulic pumping system is two-phase lifting technology, by which manganese nodules are conveyed from the seafloor to the mining...

... ABSTRACT By applying an economic feasibility evaluation model developed by the authors for examining and comparing the potential of deep-sea minerals, sensitivity analyses were carried out for the developments of manganese nodules and cobalt-rich manganese crusts in viewpoints of realistic...

... ABSTRACT As the result of a seven-year R&D project from 1989 to 1995, Japan selected the smelting chlorine leaching method for manganese nodule processing. In the first stage there were five candidate methods for the processing. Year-by-year, R&D geared toward their improvements...

... achievement. Specially, manganese nodules on the ocean floor emerge as new alternatives for the exhaustion of mineral resources in land. Metals from manganese nodules are for use in steel, aircraft, military equipment, machinery and cutting tools (Chung, 2003). For the development of deep-sea minerals...

... ABSTRACT Cobalt-rich manganese crusts on seamounts and manganese nodules on deep ocean floor have both received attention as future resources for Co, Ni, Cu, and Mn. Lack of information on cobalt-rich manganese crusts has precluded comparisons between the two sources in terms...

... superposition modeling, FIR Filter, Low-frequency response INTRODUCTION With the help of modern sea technology, we are now in a position to develop subsea resources in very deep regions. For instance, Fig.1 shows manganese nodules on a deep seabed. (Chung, 1996) The nodules are formed by metallic compounds...

... of land resources. However, it is essential to have integrated mining technology for developing deepsea manganese nodules. To lift the manganese nodules from deep seabeds, the hydraulic pumping system (Chung et al., 1998; Yoon et al., 1999) and the air-lift pumping system are recommended for commercial...

... Though dynamic properties of deep-sea sediments, which are beds of deep-sea manganese nodules, are very important design factors for manganese nodule mining collector, they have not well been examined. A simplified measurement method of the dynamic response of deep-sea sediments was developed...

... the model test. INTRODUCTION A collector (or miner) for deep sea mining is traveling on the seabed, collecting manganese nodules and transporting the nodules to a lifting system. The collector, which consists of pick-up device and vehicle (or carrier), should have high reliability because it is operated...

... and coordinator of activities concerned with oceanic mineral resources research and development, is undertaking a 15 year program (1991-2005) of exploration and exploitation on manganese nodules in "invested area" in northeast Pacific. During the time, COMRA would fulfill the obligations required as a pioneer...

... application level strength diameter hawaii nodule application amendment manganese concentration marine mineral agricultural application us government metals & mining disposal honolulu experiment upstream oil & gas groote eylandt manganese nodule koa growth...

... ABSTRACT In order to reduce the axial stress produced in the pipe string for mining manganese nodules, a threestepped pipe string with larger diameter in the upper part was taken into consideration and its longitudinal vibration caused by the ship's heaving motion was analyzed in case...

... ABSTRACT: Deep-sea manganese nodules that contain considerable percentages of nickel, cobalt, and copper are considered to be a potential mineral, resource for the 21 st centwy. Though dynamic response of deep-sea sediments, which are the beds of the nodules, is a vel)" important design factor...

... technologies for deep-ocean mining systems to recover manganese nodules and cobalt-rich manganese crusts from the seafloor at 800 - 6,000m depth. First, the seafloor crust is characterized on the basis of preliminary data from the recent survey in the Pacific Ocean. In the last 10 years, few significantly new...

... ABSTRACT In order to reduce the longitudinal vibration of the pipe string for mining manganese nodules in the deep sea, a vibration absorber, which was composed of a mass, springs and dampers, was attached to the pump modules as well as the buffer. Then, the effect of the absorber...