... structures. He introduced three conventional methods, namely, Korzhavin's equation (1962), reference stress methods (Ponter et al., 1983) and cut-off stress methods (Walden et al., 1987). Sanderson (1988) claimed that a Korzhavin like equation predicts ice loads much higher applying a contact factor of 0.3...

... mechanism at the contact zone between semi-infinite level ice edge and the face of structure. Interaction forces are calculated using a modified Korzhavin's equation and a computer program based on two-dimensional finite difference numerical scheme is developed. For verification of the numerical model...