... ABSTRACT Much of the available triaxial compressive strength data for columnar saline ice has been generated from conventional triaxial tests. The advent of hydraulic "true" triaxial testing systems has allowed researchers to determine the compressive strength of ice using loading paths...

... the ductile failure stress of $2 saline ice under triaxial loading. Previous studies have reported that the failure strength of columnar saline ice is independent of the along-column confinement. Timco and Frederking (1983) performed biaxial confined compression tests on columnar sea ice at -11 °C...