A highly effective insulation system is essential for cryogenic liquefied gas fuel storage tanks, particularly for liquefied hydrogen (LH2) with a boiling point of 20K (-253°C), much lower than other liquefied gas fuels like ammonia and natural gas. Unlike other fuels, advanced insulation systems, including vacuum space, are not merely an option but a necessity for designing LH2 storage tanks. To ensure the efficient transport of LH2, continuous development is required for a larger cargo containment system volume with an enhanced vacuum level in the insulation system. Various configurations, such as multi-layered insulation (MLI), vacuum insulation panel (VIP), particulate insulation, or their combinations, have been developed for vacuum insulation systems. Determining the optimal insulation system for large-volume cargo containment is challenging due to different thermal conductivities influenced by vacuum pressure and vacuum formation difficulties. Given this optimization challenge, the cost, constructability, and thermal insulation performance must be considered simultaneously. This study conducted a series of preliminary lab-scale experiments to assess insulation performance at specific atmospheres, temperature, and vacuum pressures. The results compared two representative particulate insulation materials, silica hollow microspheres (glass bubbles) and Perlite, along with insights from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
In recent times, there has been a significant surge in global awareness regarding environmental issues, marked by key terms such as global warming, decarbonization, and renewable energy. Hydrogen emerges as a highly fitting solution for addressing these concerns. Utilizing hydrogen as a storage and carrier medium presents an opportunity to overcome several drawbacks associated with renewable energy sources. While the production of renewable energy can be geographically independent, ensuring fair accessibility anywhere, its efficiency is profoundly influenced by ambient conditions—be it day or night, sunny or rainy, or calm or windy. Consequently, the imperative for an energy storage system becomes evident, whether it takes the form of stored electricity in batteries or specific materials like hydrogen gas. This storage capability becomes crucial as surplus energy can be harnessed at a later time and in the most suitable locations.
