Full electric vessel has been under development to fulfil the restrict emission control strategy set up by International Maritime Organization requiring marine industry to reduce 40% of carbon dioxide emission by 2030 and 50% of greenhouse gases by 2050. This paper provides an risk assessment for a selected battery powered full electric vessel. Through identifying hazards and estimation of frequency and consequence, the most severe hazards will be determined so the top events will be analyzed by conducting event-tree analysis to evaluate the reliability. The results indicate the battery powered ship has a lower risk impact than traditional cruise ships.
Nowadays, sustaining for a green world has rapidly become an increasingly hot topic. International shipping has made a huge contribution to achieve a sustainable world and provides world's most transportation services while generating least emissions released to atmosphere. According to IMO's third GHG study, 80% of global transportation by volume is delivered by international shipping and the carbon dioxide emission generated from shipping activity only occupies 2.2% of global emissions (Smith et al. 2015). However to meet the ultimate goal of eliminating GHGs and constructing a zero GHG emission world, IMO has set up its timetable to deliver the emission control step by step. By the year of 2030, it targets to reduce 40% of carbon dioxide emission from the marine sector and by the year of 2050, at least 50% of total GHG emissions from marine industry must be mitigated which is about 85% of CO2 reduction per ship. Owing to this challenge, many technologies are emerging and under development in order to not only reduce the emission generation but also strive to eliminate them permanently. One of the technologies popularly under consideration is the full electric ship which is a concept using energy storage system as the power source of marine vessels, such as battery and supercapacitors.
Battery power system has been investigated by many researchers: Galloway and Hustmann have investigated the material cost and recycling of battery in automotive industry (Galloway and Dustmann 2003). Dai's research has analyzed Lithium-ion battery for automotive application using life cycle approach which indicates the impact of battery are coming from manufacturing phase but depending on the production location and the material sources from the perspective of emission control (Dai et al. 2019). It proved the research results from Dunn etc. in 2016 who have presented summary for li-ion battery production and recycling (Dunn et al. 2016). It is further investigated by Raugei and Windfield in 2019 (Raugei and Winfield 2019). Zhao and You have carried out a comparative study on Li-ion battery through process based and integrated hybrid LCA approach. In their research, it compared the greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption of two types of batteries (LiMn2O4 (LMO) and Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (NCM) battery) and difference in the aspect of LCA is focused on the recycle part (Zhao and You 2019). Hiremath etc. have investigated and compared different battery storage system applied for stationary applications using LCA approach (Hiremath, Derendorf, and Vogt 2015) and Matheys etc. have evaluated the environmental impacts of 5 electric vehicle battery system to find out the preferred one for automotive industry (Matheys et al. 2009).
