An evaluation method of tsunami wave force acting on a land structure using hydraulic quantities around the structure calculated by a horizontal two-dimensional (2D) simulation is newly proposed in this study. Hydraulic experiments are conducted to estimate tsunami wave force acting on the structure. A 2D depth-integrated flow simulation is performed to examine run-up tsunami deformation. Even though the proposed method cannot reproduce the impact force in some cases which violent free surface behavior takes place, the method can reasonably estimate the tsunami wave force. Tsunami wave forces calculated by a three-dimensional numerical model based on the VOF (Volume Of Fluid) method CADMAS-SURF/3D are in good agreement with the experimental results for violent flows with splash.
Power stations have ever been designed to prevent tsunami disasters. Therefore, the ground levels of the facilities in the power stations are set so as to be higher than the water level of design basis tsunami, which is determined based on the knowledge of the past tsunamis. However, the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake Tsunami caused damages to some power stations. Hereafter, tsunami inundation characteristics around the facilities and tsunami wave forces acting on the facilities should be estimated accurately in order to take countermeasures against beyond design basis tsunami.
To design and construct land structures resistive to tsunami disaster, an evaluation of tsunami wave force acting on the structures is most essential. A two-dimensional (2D) depth-integrated flow model is often used for tsunami inundation simulation in practice. In the previous studies, tsunami wave force has been calculated by using inundation depth at the location where no structure exists (Asakura et al., 2000; Omori et al., 2000). However, in the case of tsunami inundation simulation considering the existence of land structures, it is necessary to additionally calculate inundation depth without the structure in order to evaluate tsunami wave force using the existing formula.
