Underground walls are installed at the toe of an embankment on loose and saturated sand for reduction of embankment settlement caused by liquefaction. For example, the partially floating sheet-piles (PFS) method has gaps between the steel walls, and the behavior of liquefied sand in the gaps is important. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted to confirm the behavior of liquefied sand near and between underground walls. Through the experiments, the relationship between the settlement and gap size was quantified. Additionally, the author proposed a 2D numerical analysis model to evaluate the 3D underground structures with gaps between walls.

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