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Workplace Health
Safety - usually associated with acute injuries, short-term, traumatic exposures
Health - usually directed at chronic exposures, persistent, prolonged, repeated
Definition
Industrial Hygiene - "that science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort, and inefficiency among workers or among the citizens of the community"
Environmental Stresses
Chemical - environmental concentrations
Physical - noise, heat, ionizing, etc.
Ergonomic - man-machine interface
Biological - micro living organisms
States of Matter
Solids - definite shape and volume
Liquids - definite volume but no definite shape
Gases - neither definite volume nor shape
Chemical Stresses
Dusts - solid particles from handling, grinding, crushing, impact (1–25 microns) (cotton, grain, grinding wheels)
Smoke - carbon or soot particles less than .1 microns in size and are the products of incomplete combustion (fire, gas engines)
Fumes - solid particles generated by condensation from the gaseous state (welding, soldering, brazing)
Aerosols - solid particles or liquid droplets of fine enough size to remain dispersed in air for a prolonged period of time (powder sprays, paint sprays)
Mists - suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation of liquids, or by breaking up a liquid into a dispersed state (mixing vats, maintenance degreasers)
Vapors - volatile form of a substance normally a liquid or solid at STP (paint thinners, nail polish remover)
