... of mine timber requires it to be used more efficiently. In addition, the growth of longwall mining provides an unprecedented dependence on timber cribs to provide essential ground control. The purpose of this paper is to provide practical solutions pertaining to the design and employment of timber...

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... is usually based on the design engineer's estimate of tunnel cost. Additional factors influencing tunnel cost, based on the geologic logs, are the timber lagging required and the overbreak concrete required in increasingly bad ground. The somewhat slower rate of advance in increasingly bad ground also...

... sites. The structural aspects of circular and rectangular shafts are compared using concrete lining, timber, and steel sets for support. INTRODUCTION Deep mine shafts frequently experience heavy ground pressure, and failure of the rock and/or supporting structures occur both during sinking...

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... stopes of various ages and sizes, containing timber and rock fill along with recently introduced wet tailing. Many mining blocks consist of over 50 percent this type of material. Third : Sealed off fires existed in part of the ore zones to be mined. Also, a potential fire hazard exists where remining...