... of yielding is based on the idea that as deformation increases, the need for support capacity decreases. Yielding elements, as a part of the shotcrete lining, represent the state-of-the-art method for tunneling in Alpine fault zones. These elements help to prevent the shotcrete lining from being overstressed...

... ABSTRACT: This paper aims to provide insights into the effectiveness and failure mechanism of shotcrete lining in mine developments. For this purpose, a two-dimensional numerical program based on the Finite-Discrete Element Method (FDEM) was utilized to simulate an instrumented section of a 10...

... weak zones, face stability, effects of early age creep in shotcrete and stress redistributions due to the formation of plastic hinges in the shotcrete lining. The design also evaluated forces, moments and rotations in the shotcrete lining to determine ground support requirements. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1...

... properties of shotcrete considered. Special tools have been developed to predict displacements. A relatively simple analysis method to design shotcrete linings with integrated steel elements, based on predicted displacements and the transient lining properties is used to demonstrate the effectiveness...

... dowels and a shotcrete lining reinforced with welded wire fabric. I INTRODUCTION Most of the wine making industry in northern California is located in Napa Valley and in adjacent Sonoma Valley. This region has seen tremendous agricultural growth in the last 40 years, which has put a premium on land...

... testing and shotcrete thickness. Observations were used to classify the ground as Type 1, 2, or 3 for selection of appropriate stabilization. Reservoir Characterization Artificial Intelligence Upstream Oil & Gas shotcrete lining reinforcement rock reinforcement portal convergence...