.... An examination of the historic de- velopment of NATM shows how well it matches what is really common sense geotechnical en- gineering One of the technical leaders of Europe in this era was, L. v. Rabcewicz. He began his work about the same time as Terzaghi and also spent SODE time at the University of Graz...

... with practice in its further development. 2. Elements of the New Austrian Tunnelling Method 2.1 The Shear Failure Theory Using primitive methods Professor Rabcewicz measured typical deformations of the phyllites along the northern line of the TransIranian Railway, and came to the following conclusions...