... criteria are employed and the crack tip region is also refined using more particles in two various model particle arrangements. The effects of different dilation parameters on SIF under plane-stress and plane-strain conditions are studied for plane-stress and plane-strain conditions. Results show...

... conditions. A thorough investigation of the specimen geometry and the friction end effects showed that the results can be considered as reliable. The behaviour of a brittle sandstone in the simplest plane-strain condition (s³ = 0) is significantly different than that of the uniaxial compression (s² = s³ = 0...

.... An efficient analysis procedure, incorporating recent developments in finite element analysis, is developed for plane-strain conditions. To demonstrate its effectiveness, the procedure is applied to three cases, one for which an exact solution is available, another for which field observations had been made...