..., respectively) in combination with a Hoek-Brown failure criterion. Models with pre-existing fractures (jointed models). Rock material properties are upscaled taking into consideration the fact that not all fractures and defects are represented in the model; therefore, the unfractured rock in the model would...

.... At quartz schist and magnetite regions, in addition to the faults, there are three nearly mutually orthogonal joint sets which were incorporated into the model. As can be seen in Fig. 3, joints spacing in quartz schist is greater than it in magnetite. Fig. 2. Geometry of the 3DEC jointed model of study area...

..., the orientation of joints and the burden affected the average fragment size significantly. Vertically jointed models gave relatively higher mass of broken fragments, lower average fragment size and increased finer fraction. INTHODUCT ION It is common experience that the geological discontinuities present...

... are all present. A jointed specimen presents additional problems however, since it is composed of numerous individual intact blocks. In a jointed model, each individual block must be allowed to move as desired. Its freedom of movement must not be hindered or restricted by the load application source...