... waveforms, the presence of casing enhances the contrast between casing-formation and fluid-filled fractures. Well-bond casing models are the optimal cased-hole models required for fracture interpretation because fracture features can be observed for both shear-wave and Stoneley modes. 1. INTRODUCTION...

... the low-frequency behavior of a fluid-filled fracture. The theory and the experiment are in good agreement, showing highly dispersive (i.e., the velocity changes with frequency) and attenuating wave behavior. Additionally, we present co-seismically induced electrical fields via the electokinetic effect...