... probability distribution function and spatial covariance function are derived and used to generate consistent realizations of random fields based on the Karhunen-Loève (KL) method. Finally, such realizations will be used for the analysis of dynamic stimulation of a wellbore in a tight formation. A powerful...

... measure covariance function rock joint roughness joint roughness fractal dimension covariance friction angle topography log-log plot INTRODUCTION ABSTRACT: Surface roughness of clean joints in hard rock has a major influence on the shear-strength characteristics of those joints...