... surveys and convergence measurements) and from embedded sensors (deformation and pore pressure measurements). Different sensors, from extensometers and inclinometers to fiber optics and deformation gauges, will be installed. A multi-physical assessment of the fracture network around the intersection...

... for convergence measurement and back calculation. 1. INTRODUCTION The benefit of using light detection and ranging (LiDAR) for geological engineering applications has been widely demonstrated and discussed in the literature over the past ten years. For example, LiDAR can be used for rockmass characterization...

... ABSTRACT: The mechanical stability of a tunnel is subjected to the development of loosening zone. Convergence measurement is the most convenient and practical method to estimate support requirements. In 12 m span tunnels, in order to predict the final deformation and the development...

.... In actual tunneling, it is essential to find an appropriate range of allowable limit of deformation through convergence measurement. The authors carried out the observation and analyses in two tunnel projects. In one project, the tunnel was driven through the sedimentary rocks at a depth of 60-240 m...

... ABSTRACT ABSTRACT This paper discusses the results of vertical and horizontal drift convergence measurements taken during the mining of a respository sized drift in welded tuff in G-Tunnel on the Nevada Test Site. Results are quantified in terms of drift convergence magnitudes and rates...

... and support monitoring by extensometer measurements. This paper describes how rock quality evaluations based on the Q system, convergence measurements, and computer aided analysis have proven useful in helping establish the support for a wide variety of rock conditions. The type of supports used consisted...

... by back-analysing the long term closure observations. Instead of using convergence measurements to check a constitutive behavior law and to determine the ground parameters, it has been chosen in this study to analyze the convergence measurements, to determine a law for the tunnel closure and to propose...

... safety factor of about 1.0, since the compressive strength of rock salt is generally assumed to be around 5,000 psi. extraction ratio convergence measurement roof failure entry 32 test panel dolomite safety factor pillar safety factor square pillar shale feet square pillar load mining...

... several vertical and horizontal convergence measuring stations in the Carey Salt Company's mine at Hutchinson Kansas. Since that time, ORNL has added additional stations at the Carey mines in both Hutchinson and Lyons, Kansas. These stations were designed to determine the effects of both age...