... coalescence types are found, which are related to the oblique shear cracks. hydraulic fracturing initiation stress continuity flaw inclination angle propagate linkage initiation oblique shear crack crack initiation stress specimen shear crack Coalescence tensile crack geometry flaw Bobet...

... simultaneous detonations. The discrete model is composed of particles and springs with randomly assigned stiffnesses to reflect the material property variations and their influence on the initiation and propagation of fracture m rocks; moreover, the model is capable of simulating the different stages...

... importance of recognizing a horizontally stratified reservoir when planning the trajectories of vertical, slant and horizontal boreholes. Field observations of the Atco Member of the chalk at the Leigh Quarry in Waco indicate that fractures tend to propagate upward from brittle layers; fan and die out...